{"id":8451,"date":"2023-07-31T09:05:15","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T09:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/?p=8451"},"modified":"2025-10-04T10:53:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T10:53:27","slug":"holy-hierarch-jacob-of-putna-metropolitan-of-moldavia-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/2023\/07\/holy-hierarch-jacob-of-putna-metropolitan-of-moldavia-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Sf\u00e2ntul Ierarh Iacob Putneanul, Mitropolitul Moldovei (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Cu darul lui Dumnezeu \u0219i prin bun\u0103voin\u021ba P\u0103rintelui Stare\u021b Melchisedec al M\u0103n\u0103stirii Putna, m\u0103n\u0103stirea noastr\u0103 s-a \u00eempodobit cu o particic\u0103 din sfintele moa\u0219te ale Sf\u00e2ntului Iacob Putneanul. A\u0219adar, prezent\u0103m \u00een continuare cr\u00e2mpeie din via\u021ba \u0219i mo\u0219tenirea duhovniceasc\u0103 a acestui mare sf\u00e2nt. <\/em><\/p>\n

Via\u021ba Sf\u00e2ntului<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Alegerea ca ierarh.<\/em> Sf\u00e2ntul Iacob a fost ales egumen al m\u0103n\u0103stirii Putna \u00een 1744, la v\u00e2rsta de 25 de ani. \u00cens\u0103 darurile sale \u0219i lucrarea lui Dumnezeu cu el str\u0103luceau \u0219i dincolo de por\u021bile m\u0103n\u0103stirii, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, un an mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een 1745, este ales Episcop de R\u0103d\u0103u\u021bi. Ca episcop, a continuat activitatea de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a cuv\u00e2ntului lui Dumnezeu prin intermediul c\u0103r\u021bilor \u00eenainta\u0219ului s\u0103u \u00een aceast\u0103 episcopie, Episcopul Varlaam, tip\u0103rind degrab\u0103 un Liturghier slavo-rom\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 doar cinci ani, vrednicia \u0219i r\u00e2vna sa pentru slujirea lui Dumnezeu au fost hot\u0103r\u00e2toare pentru a fi \u00een\u0103l\u021bat \u00een scaunul de Mitropolit al Moldovei. \u00cen noiembrie 1750, a fost ridicat \u00een treapta cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103 a ierarhiei biserice\u0219ti a \u021b\u0103rii. \u00cen cei zece ani c\u00e2t a fost mitropolit la Ia\u0219i, 1750\u20131760, a desf\u0103\u0219urat o intens\u0103 activitate pastoral\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103, a promovat cultura \u0219i tiparul rom\u00e2nesc \u0219i a vegheat la traducerea de c\u0103r\u021bi folositoare de suflet.<\/p>\n

Miluitor al s\u0103rmanilor.<\/em> Una dintre cele mai mari binefaceri pe care le a f\u0103cut p\u0103stori\u021bilor s\u0103i a fost faptul c\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 determine pe domnii \u021b\u0103rii s\u0103 elimine c\u00e2teva impozite care s\u0103r\u0103ceau \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103, dar mai ales pe oamenii simpli.<\/p>\n

\u021a\u0103rile rom\u00e2ne se aflau \u00een perioada foarte dificil\u0103 a domniilor fanariote. Pentru a deveni domni, candida\u021bii trebuiau s\u0103 achite Imperiului Otoman mari sume de bani. Apoi, venind \u00een \u021b\u0103rile rom\u00e2ne, puneau impozite \u00eempov\u0103r\u0103toare, pentru a str\u00e2nge banii cheltui\u021bi cu dob\u00e2ndirea domniei.<\/p>\n

Cel mai greu impozit era \u201ev\u0103c\u0103ritul\u201d \u2013 impozitul pe animale mari. Acesta ducea la o s\u0103r\u0103cie cumplit\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103. \u00cen mai multe r\u00e2nduri, ierarhii \u021b\u0103rii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 lege cu blestem \u0219i s\u0103 interzic\u0103, astfel, acest impozit. Dar, la presiunea puterii domne\u0219ti, blestemul era dezlegat \u0219i se percepea, din nou, v\u0103c\u0103ritul. Voievodul Constantin Racovi\u021b\u0103 l a impus din nou \u00een 1756. Sf\u00e2ntul Iacob l a sf\u0103tuit \u0219i l a determinat s\u0103 renun\u021be la acest impozit. Iat\u0103 cum este descris\u0103 fapta Sf\u00e2ntului Iacob \u0219i gravitatea v\u0103c\u0103ritului \u00eentr o cronic\u0103 din epoc\u0103:<\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cendemn\u00e2ndu-se din r\u00e2vn\u0103 dumnezeiasc\u0103 \u0219i prin duhovnicescul sfat al Preasfin\u021bitului Iacob Mitropolitul Moldovei \u0219i socotind cum c\u0103 toat\u0103 tic\u0103lo\u0219ia \u0219i stric\u0103ciunea \u021b\u0103rii acesteia nu este dintr- alt\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 numai dintr-acea dajdie stric\u0103toare \u0219i ur\u00e2t\u0103, c\u0103 m\u0103car c\u0103 vaci nu r\u0103m\u0103seser\u0103 la locuitorii \u021b\u0103rii, dar, de vreme ce era v\u0103c\u0103ritul, tot trebuia s\u0103 dea sum\u0103 de bani, \u0219i o bab\u0103 s\u0103rac\u0103, ce toarce \u00een furc\u0103 s\u0103 \u0219i agoniseasc\u0103 hrana \u0219i com\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, trebuia la acea vreme s\u0103 dea \u0219i ea bani la v\u0103c\u0103rit\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sf\u00e2ntului Iacob \u0219i celorlal\u021bi ierarhi li s au al\u0103turat boierii \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i, \u00eempreun\u0103, au cerut \u0219i au primit de la patriarhul de Constantinopol o carte de afurisenie \u00eempotriva acelora care vor pune din nou acest impozit.<\/p>\n

Ceremonia religioas\u0103 de punere a blestemului asupra v\u0103c\u0103ritului a fost deosebit\u0103. Domnul Constantin Racovi\u021b\u0103 a chemat la Ia\u0219i c\u00e2te 6 locuitori din fiecare \u021binut al \u021b\u0103rii. Al\u0103turi de ei, au venit mul\u021bi oameni din ora\u0219 \u0219i din \u00eemprejurimi. S au adunat cu to\u021bii \u00een Catedrala Mitropolitan\u0103 \u0219i \u00een incinta Mitropoliei. \u00cen cadrul Sfintei Liturghii, la Vohodul Mare, Sf\u00e2ntul Iacob a dat citire C\u0103r\u021bii Patriarhale de blestem, iar poporul a r\u0103spuns dup\u0103 fiecare fraz\u0103: \u201eAmin!\u201d Cronicarul Enache Kog\u0103lniceanu, care s a ocupat cu buna r\u00e2nduial\u0103 la slujb\u0103, a scris: \u201enu putem ar\u0103ta ce vuiet era \u00een biseric\u0103 de strigarea norodului\u201d<\/em>. Apoi a urmat citirea unei c\u0103r\u021bi de blestem, semnat\u0103 de mitropolit, de episcopi \u0219i de egumenii marilor m\u0103n\u0103stiri.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dup\u0103 \u00eenl\u0103turarea acestui impozit, \u00een anii urm\u0103tori \u021bara a \u00eenflorit, pentru c\u0103 familiile se eliberaser\u0103 de povara s\u0103r\u0103ciei datorate impozitului v\u0103c\u0103ritului. \u00cenl\u0103turarea impozitului a f\u0103cut ca mai mul\u021bi copii s\u0103 se nasc\u0103 \u00een familiile care nu mai erau st\u0103p\u00e2nite de frica de a nu avea ce s\u0103 le dea de m\u00e2ncare: \u201e\u00eendat\u0103 cum s au r\u0103dicat aceast\u0103 dajdie, au \u00eenceput a se \u00eent\u0103ri \u0219i a se \u00eenmul\u021bi locuitorii \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i de atunci prea bine s au \u00eendreptat \u021bara\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dar Sf\u00e2ntul Iacob a trebuit s\u0103 lupte \u00een continuare pentru p\u0103strarea acestei binefaceri. \u00cen 1758, turcii au numit domn pe Ioan Teodor Callimachi. Noul domn a insistat \u0219i el foarte mult pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Sf\u00e2ntul Iacob s\u0103 dezlege blestemul. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, dup\u0103 doi ani de insisten\u021be, \u00een 1760, Sf\u00e2ntul Iacob, pentru a nu ap\u0103rea o criz\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103, a p\u0103r\u0103sit scaunul de mitropolit. El a rostit atunci un mi\u0219c\u0103tor cuv\u00e2nt de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tur\u0103:<\/p>\n

\u201eIat\u0103 c\u0103 m-am lep\u0103dat \u0219i de Mitropolie \u0219i de cinste \u0219i de toate ale acestei lumi, numai focul jur\u0103m\u00e2ntului s\u0103 nu mi iau \u00een cap \u0219i \u00een suflet; \u0219i socoti\u021bi c\u0103 sunte\u021bi to\u021bi musafiri ai acestei lumi \u0219i \u00een cealalt\u0103 lume avem a tr\u0103i \u0219i a r\u0103spunde la faptele noastre \u0219i fi\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i\u201d.<\/em>.<\/p>\n

La aceste cuvinte, cei de fa\u021b\u0103 s-au \u201epierdut cu firea\u201d \u0219i au izbucnit \u00een pl\u00e2ns. Nu numai ei, ci tot poporul, boieri \u0219i oameni simpli, au pl\u00e2ns amarnic la retragerea sa, c\u0103ci \u0219tiau c\u0103 un mare \u0219i sf\u00e2nt p\u0103stor pleca de la ei.<\/p>\n

Dar jertfa lui nu a fost \u00een zadar. Prin ea s-a pecetluit eliminarea v\u0103c\u0103ritului. \u00cen ciuda dezleg\u0103rii primite de la Patriarhul de Constantinopol, nimeni nu a \u00eendr\u0103znit, nici urm\u0103torul mitropolit, Gavril Callimachi, chiar dac\u0103 era fratele domnului, nici un altul, s\u0103 dezlege blestemul pentru a impune din nou impozitul. Spre deosebire de Moldova, \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 v\u0103c\u0103ritul a mai fost perceput \u00eenc\u0103 40 de ani.<\/p>\n

At\u00e2t de mare a fost importan\u021ba opozi\u021biei Sf\u00e2ntului Iacob fa\u021b\u0103 de v\u0103c\u0103rit, \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00een popor au r\u0103mas dou\u0103 versuri, \u00een care este portretizat tocmai prin aceast\u0103 fapt\u0103: \u201eIacob mitropolitul, \/ Care a legat v\u0103c\u0103ritul.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n

(Va urma) <\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Se cade a ne bucura numai \u00eentru Domnul<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nu te bucura de nimic \u00eentru acest veac al pl\u00e2ngerii \u0219i trec\u0103tor, de vreme ce toate sunt \u00eentru d\u00e2nsul nest\u0103t\u0103toare \u0219i f\u0103\u021barnice, toate \u00eentru d\u00e2nsul mincinoase \u0219i schimb\u0103toare, ci de voie\u0219ti a te m\u00e2ng\u00e2ia, numai \u00eentru Domnul te m\u00e2ng\u00e2ie, de voie\u0219ti a te bucura, numai \u00eentru Domnul te bucur\u0103, c\u0103 bucuria trupeasc\u0103 degrab\u0103 piere, iar bucuria Domnului r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een veci. M\u00e2ng\u00e2ierea p\u0103m\u00e2nteasc\u0103 degrab\u0103 piere \u0219i \u00eentru am\u0103r\u0103ciune se \u00eentoarce, iar m\u00e2ng\u00e2ierea Preasf\u00e2ntului Duh \u00eentru Domnul pururea m\u00e2ng\u00e2ie \u0219i \u00een vecii vecilor va m\u00e2ng\u00e2ia cu m\u00e2ng\u00e2iere negr\u0103it\u0103. Pentru aceasta cu nimic altceva, ci \u00eentru Domnul te bucur\u0103, c\u0103 zice prorocul: \u201eBucura\u021bi-v\u0103 \u00eentru Domnul to\u021bi cei drep\u021bi la inim\u0103\u201d. \u0218i iar\u0103\u0219i Apostolul totdeauna zice: \u201e\u00centru Domnul v\u0103 bucura\u021bi, ne\u00eencetat v\u0103 ruga\u021bi, de toate mul\u021bumi\u021bi\u201d, c\u0103 \u00eentru aceste trei se face m\u00e2ntuirea noastr\u0103. [\u2026]<\/p>\n

Bucur\u0103-te \u00eentru Domnul \u0219i d\u0103 Lui mul\u021b\u0103mit\u0103, c\u0103 toate pentru tine drepte \u0219i milostive a a\u0219ezat \u0219i ne\u00eencetat poart\u0103 grij\u0103 pentru sufletul t\u0103u, te folose\u0219te, te ap\u0103r\u0103, te acoper\u0103, \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te sufletul t\u0103u, d\u00e2nd t\u0103rie, s\u0103n\u0103tate, via\u021b\u0103, te \u00een\u021belep\u021be\u0219te, te lumineaz\u0103 spre tot lucrul bun, toate drepte \u0219i milostive pentru tine se lucreaz\u0103. [\u2026] Bucur\u0103-te \u00eentru Domnul \u0219i-I d\u0103 Lui mul\u021b\u0103mit\u0103, c\u0103 de\u0219i gre\u0219e\u0219ti \u00eenaintea lui Dumnezeu cu \u00eentuneric de \u00eentunericuri, cu milostivire prin poc\u0103in\u021b\u0103 te prime\u0219te. De c\u00e2te ori gre\u0219e\u0219ti \u00eenaintea Lui, iar El nu te leap\u0103d\u0103 pe tine? De c\u00e2te ori calci tu poruncile Lui, iar El nu Se \u00eentoarce de la tine? De c\u00e2te ori cazi, iar El te ridic\u0103 pe tine, \u00eendelung te rabd\u0103, nu \u00eendat\u0103 te d\u0103 mor\u021bii, ci a\u0219teapt\u0103 \u00eentoarcerea ta p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it, doar c\u00e2ndva te vei \u00eentoarce? Datu-\u021bi-a \u021bie lege, \u0219tiin\u021ba voii Sale, nu te-a lep\u0103dat de la botez, nu te-a l\u0103sat \u00eentru alt\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 sau s\u0103 fii \u00eenghi\u021bit \u00eentru pieirea eresurilor.<\/p>\n

Bucur\u0103-te \u00eentru Domnul, \u0219i-I d\u0103 Lui mul\u021b\u0103mit\u0103, c\u0103 pentru pu\u021bin\u0103 oarece bun\u0103 pl\u0103cere a ta, via\u021b\u0103 ve\u0219nic\u0103 \u00een \u00cemp\u0103r\u0103\u021bia cerului a f\u0103g\u0103duit s\u0103-\u021bi dea \u021bie \u00censu\u0219i Cel ce a f\u0103cut, \u00censu\u0219i Cel ce a zidit \u0219i a dat toate spre bun\u0103 pl\u0103cere. Nu \u00een c\u00e2t\u0103va vreme pu\u021bin\u0103, nu \u00een c\u00e2t\u0103va vreme scurt\u0103, nu \u00eentru o sut\u0103 de ani sau \u00eentru o mie sau \u00een mii de mii, ci \u00een vecii vecilor ce n-au sf\u00e2r\u0219it. M\u0103rire nem\u0103rturisitei Lui milostiviri! M\u0103rire prea \u00een\u021beleptei Lui purt\u0103ri de grij\u0103! M\u0103rire negr\u0103itei \u0219i neajunsei Lui bun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi \u0219i iubiri de oameni, c\u0103 Lui se cade toat\u0103 m\u0103rirea, cinstea \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nirea, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Cel f\u0103r\u0103 de \u00eenceput al lui P\u0103rinte \u0219i cu Preasf\u00e2ntul \u0219i bunul \u0219i de via\u021b\u0103 f\u0103c\u0103torul Duh, acum \u0219i pururea \u0219i \u00een vecii vecilor. Amin!<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(Alfavita sufleteasc\u0103<\/em>, Ia\u0219i, 1755)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By God’s grace, and through the goodwill of Father Abbot Melchisedec of Putna Monastery, our monastery was adorned with a portion of holy relics from Saint Jacob of Putna. Therefore, we will continue presenting fragments from the life and spiritual heritage of this great saint. Life of the Saint Episcopacy. Saint Jacob was chosen abbot […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-8451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icon-from-within-jul-aug-23","tag-holy-fathers","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8451"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8455,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8451\/revisions\/8455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}