{"id":7217,"date":"2023-03-31T06:05:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T06:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/?p=7217"},"modified":"2024-08-02T21:53:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T21:53:28","slug":"st-theotimus-of-tomis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/2023\/03\/st-theotimus-of-tomis\/","title":{"rendered":"Sf\u00e2ntul Teotim al Tomisului"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sf\u00e2ntul Teotim a p\u0103storit la Tomis, Constan\u021ba de ast\u0103zi, metropola civil\u0103 \u015fi bisericeasc\u0103 a Sci\u021biei\nMinor, Dobrogea de ast\u0103zi, c\u0103tre finele secolului al IV-lea.<\/em><\/p>

Aniversarea sa se s\u0103rb\u0103torea \u00een fiecare an la Tomis, la 20 aprilie, dup\u0103 cum se spune \u00een aceast\u0103 zi \u015fi\n\u00een Acta Sanctorum: \u201eLa Tomis, se face pomenirea Sf\u00e2ntului Teotim episcopul, pe care l-au cinstit \u015fi barbarii necredincio\u015fi, pentru sfin\u021benia \u015fi minunile lui.\u201d<\/em><\/p>

P\u0103storia Sf\u00e2ntului Teotim de Tomis\na \u00eenceput \u00eenainte de 392, c\u0103ci, la\naceast\u0103 dat\u0103, Fericitul Ieronim \u00een lucrarea sa De viris illustribus<\/em>, ne d\u0103 despre\nel urm\u0103toarele informa\u021bii: \u201eTeotim, episcop de Tomis \u00een Sci\u021bia, a publicat sub\nform\u0103 de dialog, \u00een stilul vechii elocin\u021be,\nlucr\u0103ri scurte \u0219i cu con\u021binut moral. Aud\nc\u0103 mai scrie \u0219i alte lucr\u0103ri.\u201d<\/p>

Istoricul Sozomen ne spune: \u201e\u00cen\naceast\u0103 zi, 20 aprilie, se face pomenirea lui Teotim scitul, care conducea\nBiserica de Tomis \u0219i din restul Sci\u021biei,\nb\u0103rbat cultivat \u00een filozofie, pe care barbarii huni, care locuiau l\u00e2ng\u0103 Dun\u0103re,\ncople\u0219indu-l cu laude \u0219i admira\u021bie pentru virtutea lui, \u00eel numeau Dumnezeul\nromanilor<\/em>. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, ei (hunii) au fost\npu\u0219i la \u00eencercare cu fapte dumnezeie\u0219ti\ndin partea lui. Se spune c\u0103, pe c\u00e2nd c\u0103l\u0103torea el \u00een \u021bara de aici a barbarilor,\nace\u0219tia (hunii) i-au ie\u0219it \u00een \u00eent\u00e2mpinare\npe acela\u0219i drum, merg\u00e2nd spre Tomis.\nCei din jurul s\u0103u, pl\u00e2ng\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 vor\npieri \u00eendat\u0103, el a cobor\u00e2t de pe cal \u0219i a\n\u00eenceput s\u0103 se roage. Iar barbarii nu l-au\nz\u0103rit nici pe el, nici pe \u00eenso\u021bitorii s\u0103i\n\u0219i nici caii de pe care desc\u0103lecaser\u0103, ci\nau trecut pe al\u0103turi. Deoarece ace\u0219tia\nn\u0103v\u0103leau deseori \u0219i f\u0103ceau stric\u0103ciuni\nsci\u021bilor (geto-daco-romanilor), fiind\ns\u0103lbatici din firea lor, el i-a adus la bl\u00e2nde\u021be, osp\u0103t\u00e2ndu-i \u0219i f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-le daruri.\nDin aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, un b\u0103rbat barbar,\nb\u0103nuind c\u0103 el este bogat, a \u00eencercat s\u0103-l\nfac\u0103 rob \u0219i, preg\u0103tindu-\u0219i o funie cu la\u021b,\nsprijinindu-se pe scut, cum obi\u0219nuia\n\u00een lupta cu du\u0219manii, a ridicat m\u00e2na\ndreapt\u0103, voind s\u0103 arunce la\u021bul, spre a-l\ntrage la sine \u0219i c\u0103tre cei de un neam cu\nel. Dar, odat\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 \u00eencercare, bra-\n\u021bul ridicat i-a r\u0103mas nemi\u0219cat \u00een aer, iar\nbarbarul nu a fost eliberat de leg\u0103turile\ncele nev\u0103zute, p\u00e2n\u0103 ce n-au intervenit\nceilal\u021bi barbari, iar Teotim s-a rugat lui\nDumezeu pentru el.<\/p>

Se spune c\u0103 el a p\u0103strat p\u0103rul lung,\ndup\u0103 obiceiul pe care-l avea c\u00e2nd a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se ocupe cu filozofia. A avut o\nvie\u021buire modest\u0103, iar timpul cinei nu \u0219i\nl-a stabilit la aceea\u0219i or\u0103, ci c\u00e2nd \u00eei era\nfoame sau sete. Cred c\u0103 era fapt\u0103 de filozof s\u0103 nu cedeze necesit\u0103\u021bilor firii, dup\u0103\nbunul plac, ci dup\u0103 nevoie.\u201d<\/p>

Din lucrarea Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan\nDamaschin, Paralele sfinte<\/em>, avem c\u00e2-\nteva fragmente p\u0103strate din scrierile\nSf\u00e2ntului Teotim:<\/p>

\u201eLucru grav nu este s\u0103 suferi greu,\nci s\u0103 suferi pe drept.\u201d<\/p>

\u201eA-\u021bi aminti de Dumnezeu \u00eenseamn\u0103 a-\u021bi aminti de via\u021b\u0103, iar a-L uita \u00eenseamn\u0103 a muri. De aceea, nu este fericire mai mare pentru un cre\u0219tin, dec\u00e2t\ncunoa\u0219terea lui Dumnezeu.\u201d<\/p>

\u201e\u00cen mintea tulburat\u0103 \u0219i plin\u0103 de\ngriji, nu se afl\u0103 niciun g\u00e2nd frumos \u0219i nu\nse revars\u0103 peste ea harul lui Dumnezeu.\nA ajunge la des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219irea sufletului, \u00eenseamn\u0103 a-l elibera de griji, c\u0103ci, datorit\u0103 grijilor, se nimice\u0219te. De aceea se\nspune despre sufletul des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219it c\u0103 este,\n\u00eentr-adev\u0103r, ca un crin \u00een mijlocul spinilor. C\u0103ci crinul din Evanghelie \u00eenseamn\u0103 sufletul lipsit de griji, care nici\nnu se ostene\u0219te, nici nu toarce \u0219i totu\u0219i\ns-a \u00eembr\u0103cat mai frumos dec\u00e2t slava lui\nSolomon.\u201d<\/p>

\u201eDespre cei ce poart\u0103 grij\u0103 numai\nde cele trupe\u0219ti, Scriptura spune: Toat\u0103\nvia\u021ba celui nelegiuit este plin\u0103 de griji<\/em> (Iov 25, 20). Este, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, lucru\nnecucernic s\u0103 por\u021bi grij\u0103 toat\u0103 via\u021ba de\ncele trupe\u0219ti \u0219i s\u0103 nu te \u00eengrije\u0219ti deloc\nde cele viitoare. De aceea, zice Ieremia\n\u00een Pl\u00e2ngerile<\/em> sale c\u0103, cei care au fost crescu\u021bi \u00een purpur\u0103 stau tr\u00e2nti\u021bi \u00een gunoaie<\/em>.\nC\u00e2nd st\u0103ruim \u00een g\u00e2nduri str\u0103lucitoare\n\u0219i \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rate, atunci suntem \u00eembr\u0103ca\u021bi\n\u00een purpur\u0103, dar c\u00e2nd suntem atra\u0219i de\ncele trec\u0103toare, atunci ne acoperim de\ngunoaie.\u201d<\/p>

\u201eCel ce merge pe patru picioare\neste cu totul necurat. Merge pe patru picioare cel ce se \u00eencrede \u00een cele pieritoare\n\u0219i, din grija fa\u021b\u0103 de ele, neglijeaz\u0103 \u00een \u00eentregime partea conduc\u0103toare a omului,\nsufletul. Dup\u0103 cum cei lega\u021bi cu lan\u021buri\nmerg cu greutate, tot a\u0219a cei lega\u021bi de\naceast\u0103 via\u021b\u0103 nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 duc\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la\ncap\u0103t calea virtu\u021bii.\u201d<\/p>

\u00cen activitatea misionar\u0103, Sf\u00e2ntul\nTeotim a avut un ajutor pre\u021bios din partea Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan Gur\u0103 de Aur, care a\ntrimis \u00een jurul anului 399 misionari din\nBizan\u021b, cum ne informeaz\u0103 istoricul\nTeodoret de Cir.<\/p>

Sf\u00e2ntul Teotim a pre\u021buit \u00een chip deosebit pe Sf\u00e2ntul Ioan Gur\u0103 de Aur \u0219i a\nr\u0103mas toat\u0103 via\u021ba \u00een str\u00e2nse leg\u0103turi de\nprietenie cu acesta.<\/p>

La sinodul de la Stejar, \u00een apropiere\nde Calcedon, Sf\u00e2ntul Teotim a ap\u0103rat cu\nc\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i curaj pe Sf\u00e2ntul Ioan Gur\u0103 de\nAur, de acuza\u021bia c\u0103 favoriza pe c\u0103lug\u0103-\nrii origeni\u0219ti, pe care i-o aducea patriarhul Teofil al Alexandriei \u0219i episcopul\nEpifanie al Ciprului, spre a face pe placul \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103tesei Eudoxia.<\/p>

Istoricul Socrate, relat\u00e2nd lu\u0103rii\nsale de pozi\u021bie \u00een cadrul sinodului, \u00eel descrie astfel: \u201eb\u0103rbat foarte str\u0103lucit prin\ncucernicia \u0219i sfin\u021benia vie\u021bii sale\u201d.<\/p>

Nu \u0219tim c\u00e2nd \u0219i-a sf\u00e2r\u0219it zilele\nSf\u00e2ntul Teotim, dar, dup\u0103 toat\u0103 probabilitatea, el a murit \u00eenainte de 407, c\u00e2nd\na \u00eencetat din via\u021b\u0103 marele \u0219i ilustrul s\u0103u\nprieten, Sf\u00e2ntul Ioan Gur\u0103 de Aur.<\/p>

Pentru cur\u0103\u021bia \u0219i sfin\u021benia vie\u021bii\nsale, pentru virtu\u021bile \u0219i calit\u0103\u021bile sale literare teologice, pentru activitatea \u0219i ostenelile sale misionare, episcopul Teotim\nde Tomis se bucur\u0103 de cinstire deosebit\u0103, fiind trecut \u00een r\u00e2ndurile sfin\u021bilor, iar\namintirea sa se face \u00een fiecare an la 20\naprilie.<\/p>\n

extras din Actele martirice<\/em>
\ncolec\u021bia P\u0103rin\u021bi \u0219i scriitori biserice\u0219ti<\/em>, vol. 11\n<\/p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St. Theotimus was a bishop of Tomis, modern-day Constan\u021ba, the civil and ecclesiastical metropolis of Scythia Minor, modern-day Dobrogea, towards the end of the fourth century. He was commemorated every year on April 20 at Tomis, as it is written on this day in Acta Sanctorum: \u201cAt Tomis, the memory of St. Theotimus the Bishop […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-7217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icon-from-within-mar-apr-23","tag-holy-fathers","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7217"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7247,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7217\/revisions\/7247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}