{"id":3036,"date":"2021-05-31T18:09:23","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T18:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/?p=3036"},"modified":"2024-03-11T17:55:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T17:55:47","slug":"exploring-your-faith-v-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/2021\/05\/exploring-your-faith-v-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Mesianismul vechilor rabini"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dup\u0103 Sfintele S\u0103rb\u0103tori Pascale, programul educa\u021bional \u201eCercet\u00e2ndu-\u021bi credin\u021ba\u201d<\/em> a fost reluat. Astfel, \u00een cea de-a treia zi de joi a lunii mai, a avut loc a cincea sear\u0103 duhovniceasc\u0103 pe canalul de YouTube al m\u0103n\u0103stirii. Titlul serii duhovnice\u0219ti a fost \u201eCa s\u0103 nu se sting\u0103 lumina \u00een Israel\u201d (II Regi 21, 17) \u2013 Mesianismul vechilor rabini.<\/em><\/p>

Noi, \u00een calitate de cre\u0219tini, ne afl\u0103m \u00een ceea ce se cheam\u0103, \u201eLumea de dup\u0103 primirea Darului\u201d. Adic\u0103 am primit marele Dar \u2013 venirea lui Mesia \u2013 \u0219i ne mi\u0219c\u0103m \u00een acest orizont. Dar de multe ori nu tr\u0103im la \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea Darului primit \u0219i ne este de folos s\u0103 cunoa\u0219tem pu\u021bin lumea de dinaintea Darului, care este prin excelen\u021b\u0103 lumea Vechiului Testament \u0219i a scrierilor rabinice vechi. Pentru c\u0103 lumea dinaintea Darului tr\u0103ia \u00eentr-o mare a\u0219teptare a lui Mesia. Acesta este \u0219i scopul acestui proiect, aduc\u00e2nd \u00eenainte profe\u021biile \u0219i apoi interpret\u0103rile lor ne putem cre\u0219te evlavia \u0219i ne putem sfin\u021bi.<\/p>

\"\"Risto Santala (1929-2012), mare c\u0103rturar finlandez, a fost profesor la \u0219coala ebraic\u0103 a misiunii finlandeze din Ierusalim (1957-1968), director al Bible School of Helsinki (1968-1975) \u0219i a scris peste 20 de c\u0103r\u021bi. El a fost un bun cunosc\u0103tor al scrierilor ebraice vechi \u0219i a putut s\u0103 le foloseasc\u0103 inclusiv \u00een a aduce m\u0103rturii noi despre Mesianismul acestor scrieri.<\/p>

Mesianismul este complet ignorat \u00een iudaismul contemporan. Totu\u0219i, Talmudul afirm\u0103 c\u0103 Mesia este sensul lumii \u0219i al profe\u021biilor: \u201eTo\u021bi profe\u021bii au profe\u021bit numai pentru zilele lui Mesia\u201d (Berakoth 34b) sau \u201eLumea a fost creat\u0103 doar pentru (venirea lui) Mesia\u201d (Sanhedrin 98b, 99a). Exist\u0103 \u0219i o m\u0103rturie din Evul Mediu a rabinului Maimonide (Rabbi Moise ben Maimon, 1135-1204 d.Hr) care a compus 13 principii de credin\u021b\u0103 pe care fiecare evreu este dator s\u0103 le rosteasc\u0103 \u00een fiecare diminea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i care se reg\u0103sesc \u00een cartea de rug\u0103ciune zilnic\u0103 a evreilor. C\u00e2teva dintre aceste principii sunt: \u201eCred cu deplin\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 c\u0103 adev\u0103rate sunt profe\u021biile profe\u021bilor\u201d (6); \u201eCred cu deplin\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 \u00een venirea lui Mesia \u0219i, chiar dac\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzie, voi a\u0219tepta zilnic venirea lui\u201d (12).<\/p>

S\u0103 aducem \u00een aten\u021bie c\u00e2teva scrieri rabinice care eviden\u021biaz\u0103 marea a\u0219teptare a lui Mesia. Unele sunt chiar \u201eexotice\u201d. Astfel, cu referire la textul din Daniel \u2013 \u201eAm privit p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd au fost a\u0219ezate tronuri, \u0219i S-a a\u0219ezat Cel vechi de zile; \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea Lui era alb\u0103 ca z\u0103pada, iar p\u0103rul capului S\u0103u curat ca l\u00e2na\u201d (7, 9), rabinul Aquiba, care a tr\u0103it \u00een primele secole dup\u0103 Hristos, \u00een\u021belege prin acest cuv\u00e2nt \u2013 tronuri: \u201etronuri la plural, adic\u0103 pentru Dumnezeu \u0219i Mesia\u201d (cf. Metzudad David). Deci, doar din pricina acestui plural, textul din proorocul Daniel a fost interpretat ca fiind cu referire la Mesia.<\/p>

Iar\u0103\u0219i, coment\u00e2nd textul de la Daniel: \u201eEl descoper\u0103 cele mai ad\u00e2nci \u0219i cele mai ascunse lucruri, \u0219tie ce se petrece \u00een \u00eentuneric \u0219i lumina s\u0103l\u0103\u0219luie\u0219te cu El\u201d (2, 22), Marele Midra\u0219 spune \u00een mod surprinz\u0103tor despre cuv\u00e2ntul aramaic n\u00fch\u00f4r\u00e4\u00b4 \u2013 lumin\u0103: \u201elumina s\u0103l\u0103\u0219luie\u0219te cu El! Acesta este RegeleMesia c\u0103ci este scris: Ridic\u0103-te, lumineaz\u0103-te c\u0103 a venit lumina ta\u201d (Isaia 60, 1).<\/p>

Chiar de la \u00eenceputul Scripturii, textul \u201eS\u0103 fie lumin\u0103!\u201d (Facere 1, 3), \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bii iudei l-au \u00een\u021beles ca fiind o aluzie mesianic\u0103. Pesikhta Rabbah, un midra\u0219 (comentariu) la marile s\u0103rb\u0103tori se \u00eentreab\u0103: \u201eA cui lumin\u0103 este aceasta?\u201d \u0219i r\u0103spunde: \u201eA lui Mesia!\u201d.<\/p>

\u00cen\u021belegem din aceste pu\u021bine exemple c\u00e2t de multe interpret\u0103ri mesianice f\u0103ceau \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bii rabini la textele Vechiului Testament.<\/p>

\u00cencheiem expunerea scrierilor rabinice despre Mesia cu un text foarte puternic ce face un paralelism \u00eentre El \u0219i Moise. Este din Marele Midra\u0219 la Ecclesiast. Rabinul Bereechia scria \u00een numele lui rabinului Yitzhak (cel t\u00e2rziu secolul al III-lea d.Hr.): \u201eA\u0219a cum a fost un prim izb\u0103vitor, a\u0219a va fi \u0219i un ultim izb\u0103vitor. A\u0219a cum se spune despre primul izb\u0103vitor c\u0103 \u00ab\u0219i-a luat so\u021bia \u0219i copiii \u0219i i-au pus pe un asin\u00bb (Ie\u0219ire 4, 20), tot a\u0219a se spune despre ultimul Izb\u0103vitor c\u0103 \u00abEste smerit \u0219i venind pe un asin\u00bb (Zaharia 9, 9). A\u0219a cum primul a dat man\u0103, a\u0219a \u0219i ultimul Izb\u0103vitor, precum este scris: \u00abFi-va bel\u0219ug de p\u00e2ine pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt\u00bb (Psalmi 72, 16). A\u0219a cum primul izb\u0103vitor a izvor\u00e2t ap\u0103, a\u0219a ultimul Izb\u0103vitor va da ap\u0103, precum este scris: \u00abdin Templul Domnului va ie\u0219i un izvor\u00bb (Ioil 4, 18)\u201d (Midrash Qoheleth Rabbati, 1).<\/p>

Prin aceste c\u00e2teva interpret\u0103ri ale rabinilor vechi, putem \u00een\u021belege c\u00e2t de bogat era mesianismul \u0219i a\u0219teptarea mesianic\u0103 \u00eenainte de venirea M\u00e2ntuitorului \u0219i cum multe din ele s-au \u00eemplinit perfect \u00een persoana Domnului nostru Iisus Hristos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

After the holy Paschal festal period, the educational program Exploring Your Faith! was resumed. Thus, on the third Thursday of May, the fifth spiritual evening took place on the YouTube channel of the monastery. The title of the evening was \u201cThat the Light May Not be Quenched in Israel (cf. II Kingdoms 21.17): The Messianism […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-3036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icon-from-within-may-jun-21","tag-exploring-your-faith","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3036"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3100,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3036\/revisions\/3100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}