{"id":2863,"date":"2021-03-31T18:06:40","date_gmt":"2021-03-31T18:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/?p=2863"},"modified":"2024-03-11T17:56:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T17:56:01","slug":"meditation-iii-iv-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/2021\/03\/meditation-iii-iv-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Asceza cre\u0219tin\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cea de-a doua duminic\u0103 din Postul Mare este dedicat\u0103 Sf\u00e2ntului Grigorie Palama. Sf\u00e2ntul Grigorie a ie\u0219it \u00een public pentru a ap\u0103ra tradi\u021bia rug\u0103ciunii din Sf\u00e2ntul Munte, tradi\u021bia isihast\u0103 a rug\u0103ciunii lui Iisus: \u201eDoamne Iisuse Hristoase, Fiul lui Dumnezeu, ai mil\u0103 de mine p\u0103c\u0103tosul\u201d. \u0218i erau anumite practici atunci c\u00e2nd era rostit\u0103, de exemplu, p\u0103rin\u021bii st\u0103teau pe un sc\u0103unel, \u00eenconvoia\u021bi poate, \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i adunau mintea, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 o fac\u0103 s\u0103 stea punctual ori deasupra inimii, ori stomacului, ca s\u0103 nu se \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie. Are deci \u0219i unele aspecte trupe\u0219ti aceast\u0103 nevoin\u021b\u0103, rug\u0103ciune, prin concentrarea min\u021bii, prin postur\u0103. Ori aceasta era luat\u0103 \u00een der\u00e2dere de un anumit c\u0103lug\u0103r catolic, Varlaam.<\/p>

\u00cen disputa celor doi, avem o diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre duhul corect, ortodox, al \u00een\u021belegerii lucrurilor, dup\u0103 lucrarea M\u00e2ntuitorului, \u0219i duhul filosofiei antice sau al spiritualit\u0103\u021bilor p\u0103g\u00e2ne. Marea problem\u0103 \u0219i \u00een practica noastr\u0103 de zi cu zi este, \u0219i de aceea \u021binem \u0219i post acum, \u00eenfr\u00e2narea acestui trup. Dintotdeauna aceste spiritualit\u0103\u021bi, apoi filosofiile, platonismul \u0219i altele, au v\u0103zut \u00een trup, r\u0103ul. Platon spunea c\u0103 trupul este \u00eenchisoare pentru spirit. Dar aceasta e o \u00een\u021belegere gre\u0219it\u0103 a problemei, dar \u0219i a solu\u021biei ei. Deoarece, a\u0219a cum zice Sf\u00e2ntul Grigorie Palama: \u201enoi n-am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103 g\u00e2ndim c\u0103 trupul e r\u0103u, pentru c\u0103 l-a f\u0103cut Dumnezeu bun, g\u00e2ndul trupesc e r\u0103u\u201d. Pentru c\u0103 M\u00e2ntuitorul nu a venit s\u0103 arunce, s\u0103 desfiin\u021beze ce nu e bun, ci s\u0103 transfigureze, s\u0103 cur\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 ce avem \u0219i s\u0103 sfin\u021beasc\u0103. Asta a f\u0103cut El. Prima dat\u0103 \u00een trupul S\u0103u. C\u0103ci aceasta a fost Crucea \u0219i tot ce a f\u0103cut El: a sfin\u021bit natura Sa uman\u0103. Aceasta este asceza noastr\u0103. Ne cur\u0103\u021bim. Nu amput\u0103m trupul \u0219i am sc\u0103pat de problem\u0103. Nu! Iar cur\u0103\u021birea aceasta cum se face? Prin trup, el ne ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eel cur\u0103\u021bim pe el, dar \u0219i pe suflet.<\/p>

Sf\u00e2ntul Grigorie Palama sus\u021bine c\u0103, paradoxal, omul e mai asem\u0103n\u0103tor lui Dumnezeu dec\u00e2t \u00eengerii tocmai datorit\u0103 trupului. C\u0103 a f\u0103cut Dumnezeu sufletul omului din minte (nous), ra\u021biune (logos) \u0219i duh (pnevma), dup\u0103 chipul Sfintei Treimi: Mintea \u2013 Dumnezeu-Tat\u0103l na\u0219te Cuv\u00e2ntul- Logosul \u0219i purcede Duhul \u2013 Pnevma. \u201eAu v\u0103zut atunci ochii \u00eengerilor sufletul omenesc... ca pe un alt dumnezeu... configurat dup\u0103 harul lui Dumnezeu... dup\u0103 chipul \u0219i asem\u0103narea dumnezeiasc\u0103, ca o fiin\u021b\u0103 deplin unitar\u0103 din minte, din ra\u021biune \u0219i din duh\u201d. Sf\u00e2ntul Grigorie adaug\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 \u00eengerii au cele trei componente, dar un duh mai atrofiat, tocmai pentru c\u0103 nu au trup. Aceasta pentru c\u0103 sufletul ra\u021bional al omului, fiind zidit \u00eempreun\u0103 cu trupul p\u0103m\u00e2ntesc, a primit de la Dumnezeu duhul de via\u021b\u0103 f\u0103c\u0103tor prin care \u021bine la un loc \u0219i face viu trupul unit cu el: \u201eFirea \u00een\u021beleg\u0103toare \u0219i cuv\u00e2nt\u0103toare a sufletului, av\u00e2nd numai ea singur\u0103 minte, cuv\u00e2nt \u0219i duh de via\u021b\u0103 f\u0103c\u0103tor, numai ea singur\u0103 a fost \u0219i zidit\u0103, mai mult dec\u00e2t a \u00eengerilor netrupe\u0219ti, dup\u0103 chipul lui Dumnezeu, de c\u0103tre El\u201d. Paradoxal! Deci, la noi, oamenii, totul este de valoare: \u0219i sufletul, dar \u0219i trupul. Nu se poate om adev\u0103rat f\u0103r\u0103 trup. \u00cen particular, se v\u0103de\u0219te r\u0103t\u0103cirea fundamental\u0103 a credin\u021bei \u00een re\u00eencarnare.<\/p>

Din aceast\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere corect\u0103 a alc\u0103tuirii omului izvor\u0103\u0219te \u0219i principiul ascezei cre\u0219tine: \u201e\u0395 v\u0103dit tuturor c\u0103 ni s-a poruncit s\u0103 r\u0103stignim trupul cu patimile \u0219i poftele lui (cf. Galateni 5, 24), nu ca s\u0103 ne sinucidem, omor\u00e2nd toat\u0103 lucrarea trupului \u0219i toat\u0103 puterea sufletului, ci, pe de o parte, ca s\u0103 ne eliber\u0103m de poftele \u0219i faptele rele \u0219i s\u0103 ne facem fuga de ele ne\u00eentoars\u0103, iar, pe de alt\u0103 parte, ca s\u0103 ne facem b\u0103rba\u021bi ai poftelor Duhului, ca Daniil (cf. Daniel 5, 23)\u201d. \u0218i spune sf\u00e2ntul: \u201eNoi nu am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat c\u0103 nep\u0103timirea\u201d, adic\u0103 des\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219irea, sc\u0103parea de patimi, \u201eeste omor\u00e2rea laturii p\u0103timitoare\u201d \u2013 noi avem \u00een noi ceva care simte, suntem oameni sim\u021bitori, din acest motiv ne \u0219i ata\u0219\u0103m unii de al\u021bii, din p\u0103cate \u0219i de lucruri, de materie \u0219i de cele rele urm\u00e2nd g\u00e2ndului trupesc \u2013 \u201eci mutarea ei de la cele mai rele la cele mai bune \u0219i lucrarea ei \u00eendreptat\u0103, prin deprindere, spre cele dumnezeie\u0219ti dup\u0103 ce s-a \u00eentors cu totul de la cele rele \u0219i s-a \u00eendreptat spre cele bune\u201d.<\/p>

\"\"Noi nu omor\u00e2m ceva \u00een noi, ci mut\u0103m. E ca \u0219i cum avem ceva ca un telescop, adic\u0103 aceast\u0103 latur\u0103 sim\u021bitoare, care \u00een loc s\u0103 fie orientat spre Dumnezeu, este orientat spre lume \u0219i care trebuie reorientat c\u0103tre Dumnezeu. \u201e\u0218i pentru noi nep\u0103tima\u0219 este cel ce a pierdut deprinderile rele \u0219i s-a \u00eembog\u0103\u021bit \u00een cele bune, cel ce s-a \u00eentip\u0103rit de virtu\u021bi, ca cei \u00eemp\u0103timi\u021bi de pl\u0103cerile rele\u201d. Acesta e omul nep\u0103tima\u0219. \u201eCel ce s-a \u00eentip\u0103rit de virtu\u021bi ca cei \u00eemp\u0103timi\u021bi de cele rele\u201d. \u0218i cea mai bun\u0103 icoan\u0103 care este?! Desfr\u00e2nata care a stat la picioarele M\u00e2ntuitorului. \u00cenainte era alipit\u0103 de p\u0103cat, de pl\u0103ceri, iar c\u00e2nd a dat de M\u00e2ntuitorul \u0219i a v\u0103zut ce bun\u0103tate, ce bl\u00e2nde\u021be, ce iubire este acolo, s-a alipit cu toat\u0103 inima de El, a\u0219a p\u0103c\u0103toas\u0103 cum era. Dar, \u00eentre timp, Dumnezeu o vindeca.<\/p>

C\u00e2t despre \u00eendreptarea laturii p\u0103timitoare a sufletului spre Dumnezeu, adic\u0103 transfigurarea ei, despre care am vorbit ca sens al ascezei \u0219i cale spre dob\u00e2ndirea nep\u0103timirii, Sf\u00e2ntul Grigorie spune: \u201eLatura p\u0103timitoare nu e mortificat\u0103 prin deprindere, ci, \u00eenaintat\u0103 la o lucrare de Dumnezeu iubitoare, agonise\u0219te str\u0103pungerea m\u00e2ntuitoare \u0219i pl\u00e2nsul fericit care aduce baia iert\u0103rii, re\u00eennoirea na\u0219terii din Dumnezeu, adic\u0103 lacrimile poc\u0103in\u021bei\u201d. Latura p\u0103timitoare dac\u0103 o \u00eendrept\u0103m spre Dumnezeu, na\u0219te \u00een noi lacrimi de poc\u0103in\u021b\u0103. \u0218i continu\u0103, \u201elacrima aceasta de Dumnezeu iubitoare \u0219i folositoare \u00eentraripeaz\u0103 rug\u0103ciunea, lumineaz\u0103 ochii min\u021bii, p\u0103streaz\u0103 harul, iar de se pierde \u00eel readuce. Dar lacrima aceasta care cur\u0103\u021be\u0219te \u0219i r\u0103pe\u0219te de la cele p\u0103m\u00e2nte\u0219ti \u0219i \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 \u0219i une\u0219te cu harul na\u0219terii \u00een Dumnezeu \u0219i prin acesta \u00eel \u00eendumnezeie\u0219te pe cel ce o are, nu e oare o lucrare comun\u0103 a trupului \u0219i a laturii p\u0103timitoare a sufletului?\u201d Prin urmare, lacrima e \u0219i trupeasc\u0103, dar se na\u0219te \u0219i din suflet. Aceasta este \u00een\u021belegerea corect\u0103 a ascezei ortodoxe. Asceza implic\u0103 trupul \u0219i sufletul. \u00cempreun\u0103 mergem spre Dumnezeu, \u00eempreun\u0103, trup \u0219i suflet ne cur\u0103\u021bim prin lacrima poc\u0103in\u021bei!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The second Sunday of the Great Lent is dedicated to Saint Gregory Palamas. St. Gregory publicly defended the tradition of prayer from the Holy Mountain, the hesychast tradition of the Jesus Prayer: \u201cLord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the sinner.\u201d And there were certain practices that went along with the prayer: […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-2863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icon-from-within-mar-apr-21","tag-meditation","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2863"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2926,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions\/2926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sfdumitru.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}